{"id":28112,"date":"2018-01-13T13:53:46","date_gmt":"2018-01-13T10:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/?p=28112"},"modified":"2020-01-20T17:06:20","modified_gmt":"2020-01-20T14:06:20","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f | \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 Dr. O. Ivar Lovaas \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1950\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a (Behavior therapy)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a (Applied behavior analysis).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 (5 – 6) \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 (2.5) \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 (40) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (Successive Approximation) (\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062d… \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 (10 – 16) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (35 – 40) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u061b \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (Ordering)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 (3 – 5) \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (5 – 8) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (5 – 7) \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (2 – 4) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (2 – 5) \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (10 – 20) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646… \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 (6 – 12) \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u061b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (500) \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Psychometric)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a… \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Shaping of behavior)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 (I. Pavlov) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a (Classical Conditioning). \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 (P. Skinner) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a (Operational Conditioning). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631\u064a… \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643) \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646.
\n– \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645). \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a) (Unconditional Stimulus) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Unconditional response) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645) (Neutral Stimulus)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.
\n– \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627.
\n– \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a (Conditional Stimulus) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Conditional Response). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 (3 – 4) \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627)<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 + \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0639\u061b \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645) (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0651\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a)<\/p>\n

– \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 + \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (Reinforcement) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0626 (Extinction)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 (the phobia) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 (Mary Cover Jones).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a (Operant Conditioning) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (B. F. Skinner)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Shaping of behaviour) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n

– \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n

– \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0629 (Elicited Response)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0621).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641..).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629…).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632).
\n– \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645).
\n– \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Covert Reinforcement) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (15\/\u062b\u0627) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627 Cautela).
\n– \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0634\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (timing) \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (Quantity) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (Consistency) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a (Novelty)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (20 – 75) \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (15 – 30) \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629… \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Constructive Feedback)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a… \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 (5) \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 (5) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 (5) \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Fixed and variable interval).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644:<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0623\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 (Secondary gain)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646… \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628.
\n– \u062d\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647.
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0649.
\n– \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631).
\n– \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629.
\n– \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629.
\n– \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629.
\n– \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629.
\n– \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632.
\n– \u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.
\n– \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.
\n– \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648.
\n– \u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646.
\n– \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633.
\n– \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0627\u064a
\n– \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0642.
\n– \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629.
\n– \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 (Tangible Reinforcers)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Token) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628 (backup reinforcer). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Immediacy).<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647 (Antecedents and consequences)<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 (overt behaviour)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 (Here and Now) \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 (The Symptoms)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 (Consequences) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Kanfer. F. H.)\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (Prior Stimulation) (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621… \u0625\u0644\u062e\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 (Target behavoir)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (Biological state)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628… \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a… \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0635\u0645 (Wrist Counter) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631… \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0633).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Albert Ellise) \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u0650\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Internal and External Locus of control)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (Self talking) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 (A. Bandura) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Social Learning) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 (Modeling)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629…)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633) \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d) (Conditioning, deconditioning, Reconditioning).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a (J. Wolpe) \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Systematic desensitization)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reciprocal Inhibition) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 (Construction of anxiety Heirarchies) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a: (Behavioral Contracting):<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0645 (L. Homme)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644) \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a (Behavioural Chain) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a (Links) \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 (Task analysis)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c..) \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630)\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644)\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636)\u060c… \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644) \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a…)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a…<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a: (Baseline)<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 (observation) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 (observer training)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 (The duration)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647… \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Cooper, J. O) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 (80%) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a (Baseline) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (Variable Independent)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 (20) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0648 (10\/20) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (0.5) \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0623\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 (\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633) \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c (\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Inhibition)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633) \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062d\u0648 (40) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f (Shaping of behaviour)<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (Motivation) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a (Successive approximation).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c: (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628):<\/h3>\n

– \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646).
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.
\n– \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641).
\n– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n

– \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633).
\n– \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646.
\n– \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0635.
\n– \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0627\u0621.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647 (Introductory Behaviour)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631…) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a) (Non – Verbal) \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621.
\n– \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627.
\n– \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c).
\n– \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646.
\n– \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (12) \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0636.
\n– \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631.
\n– \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647.
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629.
\n– \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633.
\n– \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645.
\n– \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0629.
\n– \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629.
\n– \u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646.
\n– \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.
\n– \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a.
\n– \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 (Modeling):<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 (A. Bandura) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 (Live modeling) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a (Symbolic Modeling)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a… \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633… \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f… \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633… \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629… \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 (Attention) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (Retention)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Vivo Modeling)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Symbolic or Imaginal)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633 (Fox and Azreen) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 (\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0623\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0648(\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633) \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 (\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062f\u062f.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0634).
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633 Dr. O. Ivar Lovaas \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1950\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a (Behavior therapy)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a (Applied behavior analysis).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28112"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28112\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}