\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a Sexual reproduction \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a A Sexual reproduction \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u064a Vegitative \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a Reproductive \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629Imperfectic fungi ((Deuteromycetes\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 Mycelia sterilia \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0649 Parthenogenesis \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 Female gamete alone. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627 Parasexuality.\u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0649 Plasmogamy \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0649 Karyogamy \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0649 Haploidization \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631Holocarpic \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631Eucarpic \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 thallus \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Monoecious or Homothalic \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649Dioecious or Heterothalic \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a Teleomorph \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629Meiosoporic \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a Anamorph \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 Mitosporic \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649Holomorph
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a ASexual reproduction<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u064a Somatic or vegetative reproduction \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n
1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 Simple fission<\/p>\n
2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 Budding \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 blastopores<\/p>\n
3- \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 Fragmentation \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 Arthrospore<\/p>\n
4- \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629Chlamydospores production<\/p>\n
5- \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a Spores production<\/p>\n
1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n
Simple fission Transverse cell division<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n
2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 Budding:<\/p>\n
\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 Blastopores \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631(\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645) Bud\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 Blastopores. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 Pseudomycelium\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/p>\n
3) \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f Fragmentation:<\/p>\n
\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Arthrospores) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
4) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
:Chlamydospores production<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 Chlamydospores \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n
-5 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a Spores production:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062e\u0629 Puffball 7 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 (Hyaline) \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629…\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Sporangium).\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 (Sporangiospore)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a(Conidia).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644Sporangio Spore \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644Zoo Spores \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629Aplanospores\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0637 Flagellum \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:-<\/p>\n
1. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a(Whiplash): \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n
2. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a (Tinsel): \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a Conidia: \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 Conidiophores \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 Compound sporophores \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:-<\/p>\n
(1). \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 Synnema \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 Corenium:-<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
(2). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Sporodochium):-<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0629 Stroma \u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n
(3). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629(Acervulus):-<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644. (\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22)<\/p>\n
(4). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0646\u064aPycnidium:<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646Pycnidium \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649Ostiole \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062aSexual Reproductive<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646(Compatible) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064aMeiosis,Karyogamy Plasmogamy<\/p>\n
1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a (Plasmogamy)<\/p>\n
\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629(\u0627\u0633).<\/p>\n
2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (Karyogamy)<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062d\u064a\u0629(Zygote) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629(2\u0633).<\/p>\n
3- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a(Meiosis)<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 1\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062d\u064a\u0629(Zygote) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629(2\u0633) \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 ((Gametangia \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a (Gametes).<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 Isogametangia \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 (isogametes) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629(Heterogametangia) \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 Heterogametes \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629Antheridium \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 Oogonium.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n
1- Hermaphroditic or Monoecious \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 (Homothallic fungi) \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Herterothallic fungi)<\/p>\n
2-Dioecious \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u0631<\/p>\n
3- Sexually undifferentiated \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a:-<\/p>\n
1. \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 Planogametic Copulation<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629Aplanogametes \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649Isogametes\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644(anisogametes) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649(Oosphere) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 (Antherozoid) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Oogonium \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n
2. \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 Gametangial Contact<\/p>\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c Heterogamous \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 Oogonium \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n
3. \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629Gametangial Copulation<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062d\u064a Zygospore.<\/p>\n
4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631 Spermatization<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a(Spermatia) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a(Spermatiophore)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649Receptive hypha \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
5. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064aSomatogamy<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646Zygote.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a:<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n
1. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n
2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n
3. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/p>\n
4. \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/p>\n
5. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n
6. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 Para sexuality<\/p>\n
\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064aMeiosis,Karyogamy Plasmogamy<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a Pontecorvo 1956 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 Para sexuality \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n
(1). \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629Heterokaryotic \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
(2). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064aKaryogamy \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n
(3). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631Miotic crossing over \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n
(4). \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 Sorting out of diploid \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n
(5). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064aHaploidization \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 Heterocaryotic:<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
1- \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
2- \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
3- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
4- \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[310],"class_list":["post-25569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general_health","tag-__"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25569\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tbeeb.net\/health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}